Business Risks

Among the matters related to the business and accounting status written in the Securities Report (only in Japanese), the following may have a significant impact on investor judgment. It should be noted that forward-looking statements in the following text are based on the judgement of the Nippon Sanso Holdings Group (Nippon Sanso Holdings and its consolidated subsidiaries) as of the end of the current fiscal year (March 31, 2025). 　

(1) Matters related to management strategy and business

(1-1) Global business development

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group is currently operating business globally in four regions: Japan, the United States, Europe, and Asia and Oceania. The Group’s business operation in these countries may affect the Group’s business activities, business performance and financial position, depending on the market trend, political and economic conditions, customs, religions, terrorism activities, disputes, large-scale disasters, and other factors in these countries and regions. The Company facilitates communication and information sharing with the business companies overseeing each region to achieve speedy decision making.  

(1-2) Capital investment

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group has industrial gas manufacturing bases in the countries where it operates its business and installs air separation units and other facilities at the premises or on the adjacent land of large customers to supply them gases via piping (on-site plant method). Going forward, the Group will continue making investments to acquire business opportunities in both the existing and new business areas. If, however, the operating rate of the Group’s manufacturing facilities falls or all or part of the facilities become redundant due to factors such as the lowering of the operation rate of the Group’s main customers in the iron and steel, chemicals, oil refining, semiconductor, automotive, and other industries following changes in the industrial structure or demand trend or the consolidation, closure, or transfer of their production bases, and if any ongoing construction project needs to be discontinued because of changes in the customer’s business environment and/or financial situation and the discontinuation cannot be covered by contractual indemnity, the resultant loss on the retirement of facilities and impairment loss, among others, may affect the Group’s business performance.

(1-3) Manufacturing costs

Electricity costs account for large proportions of the manufacturing costs of oxygen, nitrogen, and argon, which are the Nippon Sanso Holdings Group’s main products, and have been affected by the dramatic fluctuations of crude oil and LNG prices in recent years. Personnel and transportation costs, among others, are also on the rise, causing the manufacturing costs to remain high. Although the Group endeavors to pass through the rising manufacturing cost into sales prices, if the manufacturing cost keeps rising and the cost pass-through cannot keep up with it, it may affect the Group’s business performance and financial position. Furthermore, the electrical energy market worldwide is heavily influenced by drastic changes in the power supply mix, and it is therefore difficult to predict its impact on the manufacturing cost. This may affect the Group’s business performance and financial position. 

(1-4) Supply chain

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group’s industrial gas products include those that rely on the global supply chain, such as electronic materials gases for semiconductors manufactured by mixing various components, and helium gas, the majority of which is produced in the natural gas fields of North America and the Middle East. These products are exposed to the risks of becoming subject to trade restrictions due to fluctuations in production and increased geopolitical risks in the producing countries, and of disruptions to stable supply to customers due to changes in marine transport conditions. If such disruptions occur, they may affect the Group’s business activities and business performance.

(1-5) Information security

In recent years, partly because of remarkable advances in AI technologies, information security risks have been increasing. Cyberattacks in particular are increasingly sophisticated, raising concerns over unexpected situations and/or damage, such as disruption to business or data breaches, at the Company or its Group companies. To manage these information security risks, the Company has established the Global Information Security Council that leads risk assessments to identify vulnerabilities of applications and the efforts to establish stronger security infrastructure. The Group also enforces a Group-wide information security policy to standardize information security requirements, and provides information security education and training programs for employees in an effort to reduce information security risks.  

(1-6) Climate change

As demands that companies disclose their efforts to address environmental issues such as global warming and risks posed by climate change grow, the Nippon Sanso Holdings Group advances information disclosure based on the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD). In doing so, the Group aims to enhance dialogue with stakeholders and the corporate value of the entire Group. The major risks identified through the analysis of a global warming scenario may affect the Group’s business activities and business performance, The Group assesses each identified risk based on the likelihood and magnitude of potential impact. As for major risks, the Group quantitatively estimates their financial impacts.
 

(1-7) Laws and regulations

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group is operating its business globally in four regions: Japan, the United States, Europe, and Asia and Oceania. Any unexpected legislative changes, enactment of laws or regulations, or administrative guidance in any of the countries in which the Group operates its business may affect the Group’s business performance due to the cost to accommodate such changes and so on. The Group also conducts environmentally friendly business activities in Japan and overseas. Any tightening of regulations due to revisions of environment-related laws and regulations may affect the Group’s business performance due to the increased cost to accommodate such regulatory tightening. In addition, the Group exports products and services that are subject to laws and regulations that govern exports in each country. Any tightening of export regulations in each country due to changes in international conditions may reduce the export of our products and services to certain countries or companies. In this case, the fall in exports may affect the Group’s business performance. Furthermore, a specific country or company from which the Group imports products may be subjected to sanctions by the laws of each country due to changes in the international situation. In this case, the Group will not be able to import the relevant product, which may affect the Group’s business performance. Moreover, if a higher tariff is imposed on the Group’s product exported to a certain country, the competitiveness of the products will be lost, leading to a decrease in exports to the country, which may affect the Group’s business performance.
In executing its business in Japan and overseas, the Nippon Sanso Holdings Group is exposed to the risk of being investigated by regulatory bodies in charge of not only laws and regulations governing the industrial gas business but also laws and regulations relating to anti-corruption laws, competition laws, environmental protection, export regulations, and so on. If an adverse decision is made against the Group following an investigation, such as an order to pay a fine or fines, an order to suspend business, revocation of permits, or other punitive measures, it may have a significant impact on the Group’s business development, business performance, financial position, and creditability.

(1-8) Human resources

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group is currently operating business globally in four regions: Japan, the United States, Europe, and Asia and Oceania. Operating businesses in each region requires a stable procurement of workforce. Achieving the Group’s business goals requires talented people in each business function such as production, engineering, marketing, sales, logistics, and management, as well as overall business management. It also needs personnel with the qualifications required by the relevant legislations, and those with advanced knowledge and skills in the area of information technology, among others. Furthermore, facilitating initiatives to enhance the Group’s overall capabilities requires personnel with a global perspective. Hence, the whole Group pursues measures to create work environments open to diverse talent and to improve employee engagement as part of its efforts to retain and diversify human resources, develop globally competent talent, and become more competitive in recruitment. 

(1-9) Technological development

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group actively conducts technological development activities to further expand its business. However, there are risks associated with the development of new products and technologies. For instance, if it takes time to commercialize or put into operation a new product or technology, the conditions of the relevant markets may change significantly, resulting in a missed opportunity. Furthermore, new technologies or products or alternative products developed by other companies could reduce the competitiveness of the Group’s products. The Group periodically reviews its development projects in tandem with the progress they have made and changes in the market environment. Information is shared across the Group so that it is incorporated into technological development activities, thereby improving the Company’s technological competitiveness. 

(2) Matters related to technology and security

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group defines risks associated with security, the environment, quality, product safety, and intellectual properties as technology risk, and confirms the countermeasures taken by its Group companies and determines the approach to these risks as the shareholding company at the Global Strategy Review Committee, which, as a rule, meets once a year. Furthermore, the Technology Risk Liaison Committee comprising the persons responsible for security, the environment, quality assurance, and intellectual properties in the Company and its Group companies meets twice a year to work on the matters decided by the Global Strategy Review Committee to reduce technology risk. 

(2-1) Security

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group is engaged in the manufacturing and selling of high-pressure gases. In addition to the danger of high pressurization and cryogenic temperatures, these high-pressure gases include toxic and flammable gases used for products related to liquid crystal, semiconductor, and other products. In the event any leakage, fire, explosion, or other accident causes significant damage to humans or facilities, it may affect the Group’s business operation, business performance, and financial position due to the subsequent suspension of operation or other reasons. Therefore, regarding the manufacturing and supply of these products, the Group provides education programs for employees who handle such products. Some of these programs are tailored to the employees’ job levels, and others offered to those who apply for further learning. The Technical Academy, the Group’s facilities for hands-on skills training, offers seminars on properties and hazards of gases and on how to handle those gases, aiming to eradicate equipment accidents as well as occupational accidents. These seminars have also been further developed to include local subsidiaries in the Asia and Oceania region, fostering a safety culture to ensure that all possible security measures are taken.

(2-2) Environment

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group conducts its business in accordance with environmental regulations governing air pollution, water contamination, waste management, and other matters in the countries where the Group operates its business. If the Group fails to comply with the current or future environmental regulations or if any contamination for which the Group is responsible is discovered, the Group may incur a fine or expenses including the removal cost of the contaminating substance or compensation, or may need to make investments to modify facilities and equipment. Furthermore, any future tightening of environmental laws and regulations may result in additional costs for the necessary actions to be taken. The Group ensures compliance with environmental laws and regulations through its environmental management system, coupled with security and environmental audits, among other means. 

(2-3) Quality and product safety

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group engages in the business of manufacturing and selling high-pressure gases and related equipment. In the unlikely event that any of these products is defective, is of poor quality, or malfunctions, it may affect the Group’s business performance and financial position due to a decline in customer trust and the burden of compensation for damages. Hence, the Group appropriately manages risks related to these products by implementing quality controls that meet the requirements of laws and regulations and the requirements of the Group’s customers and by performing safety inspections before the launch of these products. 

(2-4) Intellectual properties

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group positions intellectual properties as a management resource that increases its competitiveness as a company, and promotes the acquisition and protection of necessary intellectual property rights. There is, however, a possibility that a third party may infringe the Group’s intellectual property rights and illegally use them. Hence, with help from legal counsels, patent attorneys, and government agencies, the Group watches out for any products and imitations that infringe the patents and other intellectual property rights the Group has over its brands, designs, and any other creations, in an effort to eradicate them.
The Group works with its business and development teams to develop alternative technologies or find technological workarounds through processes that have been established to ensure that the Group does not infringe any third party’s intellectual property rights. There have been extremely few instances where the Group was sued for the violation of intellectual property rights of third parties in the past. If, however, a lawsuit is filed against the Group, it may affect the Group’s business performance. Hence, with the policy of absolute respect for third parties’ intellectual property rights, the Group provides regular intellectual property training for its employees as part of its efforts to mitigate and minimize the risk. 

(3) Matters related to finance

(3-1) Foreign exchange rate fluctuations

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group procures raw materials from overseas and exports products related to special gases, helium, and equipment. Since there are transactions that are denominated in foreign currencies in connection with such transactions, the Group endeavors to avoid foreign exchange fluctuation risks through forward exchange contracts and other measures. However, if the Group cannot respond to sudden foreign exchange fluctuations, it may affect its business performance. Furthermore, the foreign currency-denominated financial statements of consolidated subsidiaries overseas are converted into yen in the process of preparing consolidated financial statements. Any significant fluctuation in foreign exchange rates that are beyond expectations may therefore affect the Group’s business performance and financial position.

(3-2) Interest rate fluctuations

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group makes capital investments and executes M&As based on its business strategies, and raises the funds needed for these activities mainly through borrowings from financial institutions and the issuance of corporate bonds. While the Group’s borrowings are mainly on fixed interest rates, the Group raised the funds for the acquisition of the European business of US Praxair, Inc., which was executed during the fiscal year ended March 31, 2019, largely through variable interest rate borrowings and hybrid financing whose interest rate would change from a fixed rate to a variable rate after a given number of years. Accordingly, future interest rate fluctuations may affect the Group’s business performance and financial position.

(3-3) Capital relationship with Mitsubishi Chemical Group Corporation

Mitsubishi Chemical Group Corporation (MCG) owns 50.59 percent of the total number of outstanding shares issued by the Company. MCG has agreed to maintain the shareholding ratio in the Company in the letter of understanding, which was signed on May 13, 2014 for the purpose of further enhancing the capital and business alliance and improving the Company’s corporate value. The Group therefore understands that MCG presently does not intend to change its shareholding ratio. However, any change in the capital relationship with the MCG group may have a significant impact on the Nippon Sanso Holdings Group’s business operation, business performance, and financial position.

(3-4) Goodwill and intangible assets

The Nippon Sanso Holdings Group posts goodwill and intangible assets (hereinafter, “Goodwill, etc.”) on its consolidated statement of financial position following the acquisition of companies. The Group may post new Goodwill, etc. when it acquires companies in the future. The Group conducts impairment tests each period to evaluate the goodwill and intangible assets whose useful life is indeterminable. If the growth rate of a target business significantly declines due to a considerable deterioration in the economy or if the discount rate used to calculate use value rises significantly due to a rise in market interest rates or any other equivalent, the recoverable amount decreases significantly and an impairment loss occurs, which may affect the Group’s business performance and financial position.

(4) Other

Large-scale natural disasters, infectious diseases, and others

The occurrence of a large-scale natural disaster may severely damage the Nippon Sanso Holding Group’s business bases. If a large-scale manufacturing base is affected by a large-scale natural disaster, significant declines in the labor force and production capacity and huge restoration costs will become unavoidable and may affect the Group’s business performance. Furthermore, the occurrence of an unexpected situation or compound disasters or the spread of an infectious disease may impact the Group’s business activities and business performance. To prepare for such emergencies, the Group routinely organizes an information gathering system to speedily collect necessary information in the aftermath of a disaster for the implementation of a business continuity plan (BCP), conducts activities to protect the lives and safety of its officers and employees, and promotes the initiatives needed to continue and promptly recover its core businesses.